The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 was enacted to combat the growing issue of air pollution and to ensure that air quality is maintained in urban and industrial areas. The Act grants powers to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) to monitor and control air quality. Below is a detailed explanation of the various provisions of the Act, along with relevant case laws and sections.

i. Air Pollution: Definition

Air Pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air, which can harm human health, the environment, and the climate. These pollutants include gases, vapors, dust, or other particulate matter that can impair air quality. The primary pollutants identified in the Act are:

• Carbon Monoxide (CO):
  A colorless, odorless gas that can interfere with the body’s ability to transport oxygen, leading to health problems.

• Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂):
  A toxic gas produced primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels, especially in industries and vehicles. It can irritate the respiratory system and contribute to acid rain.

• Particulate Matter (PM):