Trade unions in India have a long and complex history, dating back to the colonial era and evolving significantly over time. Trade unions emerged as a response to the industrialization of the country and have played a critical role in shaping labor rights, working conditions, and industrial relations.

1. Historical Background of Trade Unions in India
• Colonial Era: The beginning of trade unionism in India can be traced to the late 19th and
early 20th centuries, influenced by the British colonial administration and the industrial
revolution. Industrialization led to the establishment of textile mills, railways, and other
industries, which in turn gave rise to labor issues due to poor working conditions, long
hours, and low wages.

2. Development of Trade Unionism
• Early Trade Union Movements: The first organized trade union activity is often attributed
to N.M. Lokhande, who founded the first labor association in Bombay (now Mumbai) in
1890. The Bombay Mill Hands